Gibert Patricia

Directrice de recherche

CNRS

Address: 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918
69622 VILLEURBANNE cedex

It is not the strongest of the species that survives, or the most intelligent ; it is the one most capable of change

Mots clés: Plasticité phénotypique, Biologie de l'invasion, Température, Drosophila

Photo montrant la plasticité phénotypique chez deux femelles de D. melanogaster élevées à 30°C (en haut) et à 17°C (en bas). Noter la taille de l’aile plus grande et la pigmentation plus foncée lorsque le développement a lieu à plus basse température.

Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive responses to environmental change

My research work has allowed me to explore different aspects concerning the adaptive responses of organisms to environmental changes, mainly temperature, on the insect model and especially on Drosophila through a comparative approach. I was particularly interested in phenotypic plasticity which can be defined as the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes according to environmental conditions. Phenotypic plasticity is a phenomenon that can be generalized to all living organisms and that can be found in all species and for a wide variety of phenotypic traits.

The main questions addressed during my research are :

    How to analyze the shapes of non-linear reaction norms? Do these reaction norms present genetic variability? How do these norms evolve between populations and between species? Do these comparisons provide arguments for adaptive phenotypic plasticity?
    How will environmental variability (thermal fluctuation) impact the shape of response norms? What about environmental complexity (combination of several factors)?
    What is the importance of phenotypic plasticity as a response mechanism to environmental perturbations?

On this issue, I am coordinating the ANR TRAPP project, which started on January 1, 2025 for 4 years and involves two LBBE teams (GEI and ECE), the CASPER unit of Anses in Lyon and the Institut de Génétique Humaine in Montpellier. Agriculture and vector control programs make intensive use of chemical insecticides to control insect pests and disease vectors. They represent a major selection pressure for insect populations.
Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) is a form of non-genetic inheritance in which a change in the phenotype of offspring is triggered by an environmental signal in the parental generation without involving genetic modification. The existence of the TGP process is no longer disputed, but many questions remain, notably concerning the molecular mechanisms of these intergenerational effects and the persistence of TGP over more than two generations. In this project, we propose to use the experimental power offered by Drosophila melanogaster, a model species in physiology, developmental biology and genetics, to explore TGP in response to insecticides. Molecular mechanisms linked to TGP, particularly epigenetics, will be studied. This species can also be considered a sentinel species, representative of insect species exposed to contaminants in most agroecosystems, such as the Drosophila sp. community and the related pest species D. suzukii, but observations can probably be generalized to other arthropods. The study of the transgenerational impacts of insecticides is still little taken into account in insecticide risk assessment.

Drosophila suzukii: a recent biological invasion and a major economic threat

For the past few years, my research activity has focused on a project concerning a very recent biological invasion event involving a fruit crop pest, Drosophila suzukii. At the fundamental level, we were first interested in the ecological factors that explain the invasive success of this species whose biology was poorly known. We showed that French larval parasitoids were unable to control D. suzukii populations because of its very high immune resistance capacity. We also showed that this species has a very wide range of wild host plants present throughout the year and we highlighted an interesting case of self-medication in D. suzukii. Moreover, our results suggest that if D. suzukii does not really have competitors on healthy fruits, it can undergo a strong larval competition with D. melanogaster on rotten fruits on which an oviposition avoidance behavior is observed. Current projects aim to use the recent and spectacular invasion of D. suzukii to better understand the mechanisms of adaptation to a new environment, in particular the role of phenotypic plasticity. Finally, some projects have also been developed to consider new control methods against this formidable crop pest.

Marie Panza's thesis, which I am co-supervising with Laurence Mouton (LBBE) and Vincent Foray (IRBI Tours), focuses on the resistance capacity of the crop pest Drosophila suzukii to a parasitoid recently introduced into France, Leptopilina japonica. To this end, we propose a three-part study: 1) To characterize the variation in resistance to L. japonica between invasive European populations of D. suzukii and look for potential trade-offs with fitness-related traits. 2) Test the influence of environment and microbiota on D. suzukii resistance to L. japonica. This part will focus on the effect of the nutrient environment and the heritable bacterium Wolbachia. 3) Identify the proximal factors underlying variation in resistance to L. japonica. This analysis will investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying intra-specific variation in D. suzukii, but also inter-specific variation between D. suzukii and another Drosophila species, D. melanogaster. From a fundamental point of view, this study will contribute to our understanding of the ultimate and proximal factors involved in host-parasitoid resistance variation. From an applied point of view, it will provide valuable results for the development of a biological control program against D. suzukii and the assessment of risks of resistance emergence. This project is being carried out in close collaboration with our colleagues in the Biological Control Research and Development team at ISA Sophia Antipolis.

Physiological basis of insect community responses to climate change

This collaborative project is led by Cameron Ghalambor (Professor) Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwayhttps://www.ntnu.edu/employees/cameron.ghalambor

The earth's climate is evolving rapidly, leading to observable changes in the abundance and geographical distribution of insects. These changing climatic conditions could lead to a global decline or, on the contrary, the growth of certain insect species. Insects play an important role in ecosystem functioning, crop pollination and disease transmission, so understanding the causes of these changes is an important issue for biodiversity, agriculture and human health. To date, our understanding of insect physiological responses to climate change is based mainly on thermodynamic and energetic responses to temperature. However, the integration of the combined effects of temperature on water loss and desiccation risk is important to consider. Insects are particularly vulnerable to desiccation due to their small size and limited water storage capacity. They lose water as the temperature rises across the surface of their cuticle and through high respiration rates.Research has shown that the thermal sensitivity of water loss and metabolism varies from species to species, but no study to date has attempted to systematically describe these patterns in insect groups and in climates varying in temperature and precipitation. We propose to fill this gap by investigating the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate and water loss in insect species from different climates in Europe. We will combine these data with climate projection models to build new models for predicting how species will respond to future conditions.

Responsabilités

Membre du Conseil Scientifique du CNRS depuis octobre 2023
Coresponsable du Living Lab Anthares au sein du PEPR SOLU-BIOD depuis 2023
Membre de la commission interdisciplinaire 50 ‘Gestion de la Recherche’– 2022-2025.
Membre de la Commission scientifique Sciences Exactes et Naturelles-4 (SEN-4) et de la Commission scientifique Sustainability du F.R.S.-FNRS depuis 2022.

Publications

Display of 31 to 60 publications on 113 in total

Development of a PCR-RFLP assay to identify Drosophila melanogaster among field-collected larvae

Vincent Raquin, Hélène Henri, Marine Vallat, François Leulier, Patricia Gibert, Natacha Kremer

Ecology and Evolution . 8 ( 20 ) : 10067 - 10074

DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4453

2018

Journal article

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Sterile insect technique and Wolbachia symbiosis as potential tools for the control of the invasive species Drosophila suzukii

Katerina Nikolouli, Hervé Colinet, D Renault, Thomas Enriquez, Laurence Mouton, Patricia Gibert...

Journal of Pest Science . 91 ( 2 ) : 489-503

DOI: 10.1007/s10340-017-0944-y

2018

Journal article

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Alessia Iacovone, Pierre Girod, Nicolas Ris, Claire Weydert, Patricia Gibert, Marylène Poirie...

Revue d'Écologie . 70

2015

Journal article

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Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii): a global perspective and future priorities

Mark Asplen, Gianfranco A Anfora, Antonio Biondi, Deuk-Soo Choi, Dong Chu, Kent Daane...

Journal of Pest Science . 88 ( 3 ) : 469 - 494

DOI: 10.1007/s10340-015-0681-z

2015

Journal article

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The rapid northward shift of the range margin of a Mediterranean parasitoid insect (Hymenoptera) associated with regional climate warming

Emilie Delava, Roland Allemand, Lucas Léger, Frédéric Fleury, Patricia Gibert, Robert Whittaker

Journal of Biogeography . 41 ( 7 ) : 1379 - 1389

DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12314

2014

Journal article

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Invasive host for invasive pest: when the Asiatic cherry fly ( Drosophila suzukii ) meets the American black cherry ( Prunus serotina ) in Europe

Mathilde Poyet, Patrice Eslin, Marie Heraude, Vincent Le Roux, Geneviève Prevost, Patricia Gibert...

Agricultural and Forest Entomology . 16 ( 3 ) : 251 - 259

DOI: 10.1111/afe.12052

2014

Journal article

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Vincent Foray, Hélène Henri, Sonia Martinez, Patricia Gibert, Emmanuel Desouhant

European Journal of Entomology . 110 : 103-107

2013

Journal article

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Ability of European parasitoids (Hymenoptera) to control a new invasive Asiatic pest, Drosophila suzukii

Stan Chabert, Roland Allemand, Mathilde Poyet, Patrice Eslin, Patricia Gibert

Biological Control . 63 ( 1 ) : 40 - 47

DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.05.005

2012

Journal article

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Plasticité phénotypique et réponses adaptatives aux changements environnementaux chez les insectes

Patricia Gibert

2012

HDR

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