Showing results 1661 to 1679 on 1679 in total
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UMR 5600 - Laboratoire Environnement Ville Société (EVS)
abstract: This talk introduces some of the ideas behind cophylogenetic analysis, which aims to recover ancient coevolutionary events between ecologically linked taxonomic units such as hosts and parasites, hosts & symbionts, species and genes. It describes some of the current challenges in this area, in terms of theoretical results, implementation, and some real examples.bio: M Charleston is an Associate Professor at the University of Sydney in Australia. He did his PhD at Massey University, and has worked at U.T. Austin, University of Glasgow, and University of Oxford. His research is mainly in evolutionary biology and bioinformatics.
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Conflicts between wolves and livestock have continued to escalate since wolf re-introduction in the Northern Rockies, USA. We will provide an overview wolf re-introduction, including trends in populations and predation rates. We will also review how wolves have (or have not) affected livestock management practices and ranch profitability. We will then review the legal framework for wolf control in Wyoming, including predation compensation policies. Compensation policies have attempted to reduce the impact of wolf-livestock conflicts by compensating producers for lost livestock. Compensation schemes, however, focus only on direct predation (i.e., confirmed losses) despite a growing body of evidence that predation pressure also have indirect effects on prey, particularly domesticated livestock (e.g., slower weight gain, higher disease rates, or lower reproduction rates). We will then discuss our research, which uses an economic model of livestock production to estimate the economic impact of both direct and indirect effects of wolf predation. Our results suggest that short-run (i.e., year-to-year) financial impacts of wolf indirect effects may be as large as or larger than the direct effects. Including indirect effects implies that the compensation ratio (i.e., number of calves compensated per confirmed depredation) necessary to fully offset the financial impacts of wolves would need to be two to three times larger than current 7:1 compensation ratio used in Wyoming.
Lyon, July 6-7, 2023
Age is the highest important risk factor for the most prevalent human diseases, including cancer. Telomere shortening is thought to play a central role in the aging process in humans. The link between telomeres and aging is highlighted by the fact that genetic diseases causing telomerase deficiency are associated with premature aging and increased risk of cancer. For the last two decades, this link has been investigated using long telomere mouse models. However, zebrafish has recently emerged as a powerful and complementary model system to study telomere biology. Zebrafish possess human-like telomeres that progressively decline with age. The extensive characterisation of its well-conserved molecular and cellular physiology makes this vertebrate an excellent model to unravel the underlying relationship between telomere shortening, tissue regeneration, aging and disease. In our work, we explore how telomere attrition contributes to cellular senescence, organ dysfunction, aging and disease.