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Odds ratio (OR) is a statistic commonly encountered in professional or scientific medical literature. Most readers perceive it as relative risk (RR), although most of them do not know why that would be true. But since such perception is mostly correct, there is nothing (or almost nothing) wrong with that. It is nevertheless useful to be reminded now and then what is the relation between the relative risk and the odds ratio, and when by equating the two statistics we are sometimes forcing OR to be something it is not. Another statistic which is often also perceived as a relative risk is the hazard ratio (HR). We encounter it, for example, when we fit the Cox model to survival data. Under proportional hazards it is probably "natural" to think in the following way: if the probability of death in one group is at every time point k-times as high as the probability of death in another group, then the relative risk must be k, regardless of where in time we are. Well, we shall see if this is true
Mammals show a broad array of different life history strategies. Theory suggests that this diversity has evolved because organisms are constrained in their ability to invest in two or more life history traits, and so must trade-off investment in different components. The proximate underlying causes for these trade-offs are largely unknown. I will first present results from experiments that test whether oxidative stress, a pathological process involved in ageing, is a physiological cost of reproduction in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). I explore whether oxidative stress increases during energetically demanding reproductive periods, such as lactation in females, or accumulates after a long period of reproductive investment. I will then discuss a recent comparative study across mammals. Here I explore how the placenta, an organ that exhibits great morphological diversity, has evolved in relation to different life history strategies.
Soutenance de thèse de Pierre-François PELISSON - Vendredi 9 décembre 2011 à 13h00, amphi Marie Curie - Campus de la Doua
Thèse Mathieu Groussin - vendredi 8 novembre 2013 à 14 h amphithéâtre Bibliothèque Universitaire